Research

The research behind the development of our ALZ-1 test.*

As demonstrated by recent clinical, epidemiological, experimental evidence, and meta-analysis and genetic studies published in international medical journals, experts today know that copper dysfunction is linked with the progression and severity of the loss of cognitive faculties and is considered a risk factor for late onset Alzheimer’s disease.

The IGEA Research network has substantiated that a high percentage of patients affected by the sporadic form of Alzheimer have a copper metabolic dysfunction which leads to high levels of Non-Ceruplasim Copper. The excess copper binds to micronutrients that travel to the brain where it transforms the Amyloid beta peptide and Tau proteins, producing oxidative stress and forming non-soluble plaques and tangles. The body is unable to eliminate the plaques, which damage the physiology of nerve cells. As a result, cognitive function declines, and the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease increases (See illustration below).

The ALZ-1 Test works in a simple way. A fluorescent probe captures the Non-Cp Copper in the blood serum. The emission change is proportional to the quantity of Non-Cp present in the blood sample.

The ALZ-1 Test process

  • The first step separates the serum fraction containing the free copper from high molecular weight proteins, using a polyethylene chromatography column. • The second step is to mix the fraction obtained with a fluorescent probe (modified coumarin).
  • This probe will bind to the free circulating copper and as a result the fluorescent signal will be reduced, depending on concentration of copper: the higher the concentration of copper, the lower the signal.
  • Changes in the fluorescent signal are detected and quantified using a fluorimeter.

With the ALZ-1 Test, patients are now able to determine if they have copper imbalance and then take steps to correct it.

(*): copyrights belong to their respective owners

References

Squitti R., Colabufo N.

Non-Ceruloplasmin Copper Distinct Subtypes in Alzheimer’s Disease: a Genetic Study of ATP7B Frequency

Molecular Neurobiology
2016

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Squitti et al.

Value of serum nonceruloplasmin copper for prediction of mild cognitive impairment conversion to Alzheimer disease
Annals of Neurology
March 2014

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Squitti R., Tecchio F., Ventriglio M.

The Role of Copper in Human Diet and Risk of Dementia.
Current Nutrition Report
June 2015

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Pal A., Siotto M., Prasad R., Squitti R.

Towards a Unified Vision of Copper Involvement in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review Connecting Basic, Experimental, and Clinical Research.
Journal of Alzheimer’s
January, 2015

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Squitti, R., et al.

Excess of nonceruloplasmin serum copper in AD correlates with MMSE, CSF [beta]-amyloid, and h-tau.
67(1): p. 76-82
Neurology
2006

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Squitti R.

Copper subtype of Alzheimer’s disease (AD): Meta-analyses, genetic studies and predictive value of non-ceruloplasmin copper in mild cognitive impairment conversion to full AD.
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
October 2014

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Barnard, N.D., et al.

Dietary and Lifestyle Guidelines for the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Neurobiology of Aging
2014

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Squitti, R., Siotto M. and Polimanti R.

Low-copper diet as a preventive strategy for Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurobiology of Aging
2014

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Squitti, R., et al.

Longitudinal prognostic value of serum ¨free¨ copper in patients with Alzheimer disease.
72(1): p. 50-5
Neurology
2009

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The role of Free Copper in Alzheimer’s Disease

For more references

Articles

Squitti R, Tecchio F, Ventriglia M.
The Role of Copper in Human Diet and Risk of Dementia.
Curr Nutr Report June 2015

Mariani S, Ventriglia M, Simonelli I, Bucossi S, Siotto M, Donno S, Vernieri F, Squitti R.
Association between sex, systemic iron variation and probability of Parkinson’s Disease.
Int J Neurosci. 2015 May 22:1-20. [Epub ahead of print]

Ventriglia M, Brewer GJ, Simonelli I, Mariani S, Siotto M, Bucossi S, Squitti R.
Zinc in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Serum, Plasma, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2015 Feb 19

Contino M, Difruscolo O, Ghafir-El-Idrissi I, Lacriola M, Basalisco G, Colabufo NA.
Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease by a Synergistic Evaluation of Free Copper Ion in the Serum and SPECT Analysis.
Austin Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease – 2015

Squitti R.
Copper subtype of Alzheimer’s disease (AD): Meta-analyses, genetic studies and predictive value of non-ceruloplasmin copper in mild cognitive impairment conversion to full AD.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2014 Oct;28(4):482-5.

Pal A, Siotto M, Prasad R, Squitti R.
Towards a Unified Vision of Copper Involvement in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review Connecting Basic, Experimental, and Clinical Research.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2014 Sep 26

Squitti R, Ghidoni R, Siotto M, Ventriglia M, Benussi L, Paterlini A, Magri M, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Caprara D, Vernieri F, Rossini PM, Pasqualetti P.
Value of serum non-ceruloplasmin copper for prediction of mci conversion to AD.
Ann Neurol. 2014 Mar 13. – IF: 3.05

Siotto M. Pasqualetti P, Marano M. and Squitti, R.
Automation of o-dianisidine assay for ceruloplasmin activity analyses: usefulness of investigation in Wilson’s disease and in Hepatic Encephalopathy.
J Neural Transm 2014 – IF: 3.05

Squitti R, Siotto M, Polimanti R.
In silico investigation of the ATP7B gene: insights from functional prediction of non-synonymous substitution to protein structure. Biometals
Biometals. 2014 Feb;27(1):53-64. doi: 10.1007/s10534-013-9686-3.

Squitti R, Hoogenraad T, Brewer G, Bush AI, Polimanti R
Copper status in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders 2013.
Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;2013:838274. doi: 10.1155/2013/838274. Epub 2013 Dec 19. – IF: computing

Barnard N, Bush AI, Ceccarrelli A, Cooper J, de Jager C, Erickson KI, Fraser GE, Kesler SR, Levin S, Lucey BP, Morris MC, Squitti R.
Dietary and Lifestyle Guidelines for the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Neurobiol Aging (2014). – IF: 6.1

Squitti R, Siotto M, Polimanti R.
Low-copper diet as a preventive strategy for Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurobiol Aging (2014). – IF: 6.1

Tombini M, Squitti R, Cacciapaglia F, Ventriglia M, Assenza G, Benvenga A, Pellegrino G, Campana C, Assenza F, Siotto M, Pacifici L, Afeltra A, Rossini PM.
Inflammation and iron metabolism in adult patients with epilepsy: Does a link exist?
Epilepsy Res. 2013 Sep 28. doi:pii: S0920-1211(13)00250-7. 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.09.010. [Epub ahead of print] – IF: 2.241

Squitti R, Simonelli I, Ventriglia M, Siotto M, Pasqualetti P, Rembach A, Doecke J, Bush AI.
Meta-Analysis of Serum Non-Ceruloplasmin Copper in Alzheimer’s Disease.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2013 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print] – IF: 4.261

Bucossi S, Polimanti R, Ventriglia M, Mariani S, Siotto M, Ursini F, Trotta L, Scrascia F, Callea A, Vernieri F, Squitti R.
Intronic rs2147363 Variant in ATP7B Transcription Factor-Binding Site Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2013 Jan 1;37(2):453-9. doi: 10.3233/JAD-130431. – IF: 4.261

Mariani S, Ventriglia M, Simonelli I, Spalletta G, Bucossi S, Siotto M, Assogna F, Melgari JM, Vernieri F, Squitti R.
Effects of hemochromatosis and transferrin gene mutations on peripheral iron dyshomeostasis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2013;5:37. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00037. – IF: 5.2

Schrag M, Mueller C, Zabel M, Crofton A, Kirsch WM, Ghribi O, Squitti R, Perry G.
Oxidative stress in blood in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis.
Neurobiol Dis. 2013 Nov;59:100-10. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.07.005. Epub 2013 Jul 15. – IF: 5.624

Squitti R, Polimanti R.
Copper phenotype in Alzheimer’s disease: dissecting the pathway.
Am J Neurodegener Dis. 2013 Jun 21;2(2):46-56. Print 2013. – IF: computing

Squitti R, Polimanti R, Siotto M, Bucossi S, Ventriglia M, Mariani S, Vernieri F, Scrascia F, Trotta L, Rossini PM.
ATP7B Variants as Modulators of Copper Dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer’s Disease.
Neuromolecular Med. 2013 Jun 13. [Epub ahead of print] – IF: 5

Salustri C, Tecchio T, Zappasodi F, Tomasevic L, Ercolani M, Moffa F, Cassetta E, Rossini PM,Squitti R.
Sensory-motor cortex reorganization in Alzheimer’s disease and metal dysfunction: a MEG study.
Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;638312. doi: 10.1155/2013/638312. Epub 2013 Dec 12. – IF:computing

Gella A, Solé M, Bolea I, Ventriglia M, Siotto M, Durany N, Squitti R, Unzeta M.
A comparison between radiometric and fluorimetric methods for measuring SSAO activity.
J Neural Transm. 2013 Feb 12. [Epub ahead of print] – IF: 2.672

Squitti R, Hoogenraad T, Brewer G, Bush I, Polimanti R.
Novel findings about the role of copper homeostasis in Alzheimer’s disease: from pathophysiology to chelator therapy.
Int Journal Alzhe Dis. In press – IF:computing

Martinelli-Boneschia F, Giacalone G, Magnani G, Biella G, Coppi E, Santangelo R, Brambilla P, Esposito F, Lupoli S, Clerici F, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Galimberti D, Squitti R, Confaloni A, Brunoj G, Pichlerk S, Mayhausk M, Riemenschneiderk M, Mariani C, Comi G, Scarpini E, Binetti G, Forloni G, Franceschi M, Albani D.
Pharmacogenomics in Alzheimer’s disease: a genome-wide association study of response tocholinesterase inhibitors.
Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Jun;34(6):1711.e7-13. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.008. Epub 2013 Jan 29. – IF: 5.937

Zito G, Polimanti R, Panetta V, Ventriglia M, Salustri C, Siotto M, Moffa F, Altamura C, Vernieri F, Lupoi D, Cassetta E, Rossini PM, Squitti R
Antioxidant status and APOE genotype as susceptibility factors for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.
Rejuvenation Res. 2013 Feb;16(1):51-6. doi: 10.1089/rej.2012.1383 – IF: 4.2

Squitti R, Pasqualetti P, Polimanti R, Salustri C, Moffa F, Cassetta E, Lupoi D, Ventriglia M, Cortesi M, Siotto M, Vernieri F, Rossini PM.
Metal-score as a potential non-invasive diagnostic test for Alzheimer’s disease.
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2013 Feb;10(2):191-8. – IF: 3.937

Ruggeri et al.
A multi-element psychosocial intervention for early psychosis (GET UP PIANO TRIAL) conducted in a catchment area of 10 million inhabitants: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial.
Trials. 2012 May 30;13:73. – IF: 2.5

Nobili V, Siotto M, Bedogni G, Ravà L, Pietrobattista A, Panera N, Alisi A, Squitti R.
Levels of Serum Ceruloplasmin Associate With Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012 Nov 14. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013 Apr;56(4):370-5. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31827aced4. – IF: 2.3

Squitti R, Polimanti R, Bucossi S, Ventriglia M, Mariani S, Manfellotto D, Vernieri F, Cassetta E, Ursini F, Rossini PM.
Linkage Disequilibrium and haplotype analysis of ATP7B gene in Alzheimer’s disease.
Rejuvenation Res. 2013 Feb;16(1):3-10. doi: 10.1089/rej.2012.1357. – IF: 4.2

Mariani S, Ventriglia M, Simonelli I, Donno S, Bucossi S, Vernieri F, Melgari J, Pasqualetti P, Rossini PM, Squitti R.
Fe and Cu don’t differ in Parkinson’s disease: a replication study plus meta-analysis.
Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Feb;34(2):632-3. – IF: 5.937

Squitti R.
Metals in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systemic Perspective.
Frontiers in Bioscience. Front Biosci. 2012 Jan 1;17:451-72. – IF: 3.736

Squitti R.
Copper dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: From meta-analysis of biochemical studies to new insight into genetics.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2012 May 5. [Epub ahead of print] – IF: 2.176

Ventriglia M, Bucossi S, Panetta V, Squitti R.
Copper in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Serum, Plasma, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print] – IF: 4.261

Albani D, Boneschi FM, Biella G, Giacalone G, Lupoli S, Clerici F, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Galimberti D, Squitti R, Mariani S, Confaloni A, Bruno G, Mariani C, Scarpini E, Binetti G, Magnani G, Franceschi M, Forloni G.
Replication Study to Confirm the Role of CYP2D6 Polymorphism rs1080985 on Donepezil Efficacy in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2012 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print] – IF: 4.261

Piacentini S, Polimanti R, Squitti R, Ventriglia M, Cassetta E, Vernieri F, Rossini PM, Manfellotto D, Fuciarelli M.
GSTM1 null genotype as risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease in Italian patients.
J Neurol Sci. 2012 Feb 28. [Epub ahead of print] – IF: 3.853

Squitti R, Polimanti R.
Copper hypothesis in the missing hereditability of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease: ATP7B gene as potential harbor of rare variants.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2012 Jan 1;29(3):493-501 – IF: 4.261

Squitti R, Sparks D L, Hoogenraad TU, Brewer GJ.
Copper Status in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Genetics,Mechanisms, Neurophysiology, and Therapies.
Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;2011:903940. – IF: computing

Piacentini S, Polimanti R, Squitti R, Mariani S, Migliore S, Vernieri F, Rossini PM, Manfellotto D, Fuciarelli M.
GSTO1*E155del polymorphism associated with increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease: Association hypothesis for an uncommon genetic variant.
Neurosci Lett. 2011 Nov 7. – IF:2.02

Tecchio F, Assenza G, Zappasodi F, Mariani S, Salustri C, Squitti R.
Glutamate-mediated primary somatosensory cortex excitability correlated with circulating copper and ceruloplasmin.
Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2012 Jan 1;29(4):913-9. – IF: computing

Bucossi S, Mariani S, Ventriglia M, Polimanti R, Gennarelli M, Bonvicini C, Pasqualetti P, Scrascia F, Migliore S, Vernieri F, Rossini PM, Squitti R.
Association between the c. 2495 A>G ATP7B Polymorphism and Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease.
Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;2011:973692. Epub 2011 Jun 15. – IF: 4.261

Giambattistelli F, Bucossi S, Salustri C, Panetta V, Mariani S, Siotto M, Ventriglia M, Vernieri F, Dell’Acqua M, Cassetta E, Rossini PM, Squitti R.
Effects of Hemochromatosis and Transferrin gene mutations on iron dyshomeostasis, liver dysfunction and on the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurobiol Aging. 2011 Apr 20. [Epub ahead of print] – IF: 5.937

Squitti R, Salustri C, Siotto M, Ventriglia M, Vernieri F, Lupoi D, Cassetta E, Rossini PM.
Ceruloplasmin/Transferrin Ratio Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease.
Int. J Alzheimers Dis 2010 Dec 27;2011:231595. – IF: computing

Bucossi S, Ventriglia M, Panetta P, Pasqualetti P, Mariani S, Siotto M, Rossini PM, Squitti R.
Copper in alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analisys of serum, plasma and CSF studies
J Alzheimers Dis 2010 Dec 27. – IF: 4.261

Squitti R, Ghidoni R, Scrascia F, Benussi L, Panetta V, Pasqualetti P, Moffa F, Bernardini S, Ventriglia M, Binetti G, Rossini PM.
Free copper distinguishes mild cognitive impairment subjects from healthy elderly individuals.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2011 Jan 1;23(2):239-48. – IF: 4.261

Siotto M, Bucossi S, Squitti R.
Copper Status Abnormalities and how to Measure Them in Neurodegenerative Disorders.
Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov. 2010 Nov;5(3):182-94.Review – IF: computing

Squitti R, Zito G.
Anti-copper Therapies in Alzheimer’s Disease: New Concepts.
Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov. 2009 Nov;4(3):209-19 – IF: computing

Squitti R, Salustri C.
Agents Complexing Copper as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Review.
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2009 Dec;6(6):476-87. – IF: 4.132

Salustri C, Squitti R, Zappasodi F, Ventriglia M, Bevacqua MG, Fontana M, Tecchio F.
Oxidative stress and brain glutamate-mediated excitability in depressed patients.
J Affect Disord. 2010 Jun 12. – IF: 3.763

Zoni S, Albini E, Micheletti S, Tagliani F, Nardoni C, Squitti R, Lucchini R.
Effetti parkinsoniani e cognitivo-motori da esposizione lavorativa, adolescenziale, e senile a manganese.
G Ital Med Lav Erg 2009; 31:3, Suppl, 91-94. – IF:

Salustri C, Barbati G, Ghidoni R, Quintiliani L, Ciappina S, Binetti G, Squitti R.
Is cognitive function linked to serum free copper levels? A cohort study in a normal population.
Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 121(4): 502-507. – IF:2.972

Squitti R, Gorgone G, Panetta V, Lucchini R, Bucossi S, Albini E, Alessio L, Alberici A, Melgari JM, Benussi L, Binetti G, Rossini PM, Draicchio F.
Implications of metal exposure and liver function in Parkinsonian patients resident in the vicinities of ferroalloy plants.
J Neural Transm. 2009 Oct;116(10):1281-7. Epub 2009 Aug 14. – IF:2.541

Ghidoni R, Albertini V, Squitti R, Paterlini A, Bruno A, Bernardini S, Cassetta E, Rossini PM, Squitieri F, Benussi L, Binetti G.
Novel T719P AbetaPP Mutation Unbalances the Relative Proportion of Amyloid-beta Peptides.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2009;18(2):295-303. – IF:3.22

Gorgone G, Ursini F, Altamura C, Bressi F, Tombini M, Curcio G, Chiovenda P, Squitti R, Silvestrini M, Ientile R, Pisani F, Rossini PM, Vernieri F.
Hyperhomocysteinemia, intima-media thickness and C677T MTHFR gene polymorphism: A correlation study in patients with cognitive impairment.
Atherosclerosis. 2009 Sep;206(1):309-13. Epub 2009 Mar 11 – IF:2.541

Assenza G, Zappasodi F, Squitti R, Altamura C, Ventriglia M, Ercolani M, Quattrocchi C, Lupoi D, Passarelli F, Vernieri F, Rossini PM, Tecchio F.
Neuronal functionality assessed by magnetoencephalography is related to oxidative stress system in acute ischemic stroke.
Neuroimage. 2009 Feb 15;44(4):1267-73. – IF:5.457

Altamura C, Squitti R, Pasqualetti P, Gaudino C, Palazzo P, Tibuzz F, Lupoi D, Cortesi M, Rossini PM, Vernieri F.
Ceruloplasmin/Transferrin System Is Related To Clinical Status in Acute.
Stroke. 2009 Feb 19. [Epub ahead of print]. – IF:6.296

Squitti R, Bressi F, Pasqualetti P, Bonomini B, Ghidoni R, Binetti B, Cassetta E, Moffa F, Ventriglia M, Vernieri F, Rossini PM.
Longitudinal Prognostic value of serum ’free’ copper in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurology. 2009 Jan 6;72(1):50-5. IF 6.014. – IF: 8.172

Squitti R, Rossini PM.
Copper Studies in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients.
Abstracts of the ISTERH/NTES/HTES international joint conference. October 2007. Hersonissos, Crete, Greece. Cell Biol Toxicol (2008) 24:423–470. – IF 2.155

Squitti R, Quattrocchi CC, Salustri C, Rossini PM.
Ceruloplasmin fragmentation is implicated in ‘Free’ Copper Deregulation of Alzheimer Disease.
Prion 2008; 2(1): 23-27. – IF: 0.875

Zappasodi F, Salustri C, Babiloni C, Cassetta E, Percio C, Ercolani M, Rossini PM, Squitti R.
An observational study on the influence of the APOE epsilon 4 allele on the correlation between ‘free’ copper toxicosis and EEG activity in Alzheimer disease.
Brain Res. 2008 Jun 18;1215:183-9. – IF 2.341

Tecchio F, Zappasodi F, Pasqualetti P, Pellicciari MC, Ercolani M, Squitti R, Rossini PM.
Age dependence of the primary motor cortex plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation.
Clinical Neurophysiology 2008 Jan 4; [Epub ahead of print]. – IF: 2.716

Capo C, Arciello M, Squitti R, Cassetta E, Rossini PM, Calabrese L, Rossi L.
Ceruloplasmin is not the major copper carrier in the cerebrospinal fluid: relevance to Alzheimer’s disease.
Biometals. 2008 Jun;21(3):367-72. – IF: 1.893.

Squitti R, Quattrocchi CC, Forno GD, Antuono P, Wekstein DR, Capo CR, Salustri C, Rossini PM.
Ceruloplasmin (2-D PAGE) Pattern and Copper Content in Serum and Brain of Alzheimer Disease Patients.
Biomark Insights. 2007 Feb 7;1:205-13. – IF: 1.048

Squitti R, Gorgone G, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Pasqualetti P, Draicchio F, Albini E, Benedetti L, Lucchini R, Rossini PM.
G [Metals and oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease from industrial areas with exposition to environmental toxins or metal pollution]
Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2007 Jul-Sep;29(3 Suppl):294-6. [Italian].

Squitti R, Ventriglia M, Barbati G, Cassetta E, Ferreri F, Dal Forno G, Ramires S,. Zappasodi F, Rossini PM.
‘Free’ copper in serum of Alzheimer’s disease patients correlates with markers of liver function.
J Neural Transm. 2007;114(12):1589-94. – IF: 2.672

Altamura C, Squitti R, Pasqualetti P, Tibuzzi F, Silvestrini M, Ventriglia M, Cassetta E, Rossini PM, Vernieri F.
What is the relationship among atherosclerosis markers, APOE polymorphism and dementia?
Eur J Neurol. 2007 Jun;14(6):679-82. – IF: 2.58

Babiloni C, Squitti R, Del Percio C, Cassetta E, Ventriglia M, Ferreri F, Frisoni G, Binetti G, Salinari S, Gurzì M, Rossini PM.
Free Copper and Resting Temporal EEG Rhythms Correlate Across Pathological Aging.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2007 Jun;118(6):1244-1260. – IF: 2.468

Salustri C, Tecchio F, Zappasodi F, Bevacqua G, Fontana M, Ercolani M, Milazzo D, Squitti R, Rossini PM.
Cortical excitability and rest activity properties in depressed patients.
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2007 Jul;32(4):259-66. – IF: 3.662

Rossi L, Squitti R, Calabrese L, Rotilio G, Rossini PM.
Alteration of peripheral markers of copper homeostasis in Alzheimer’s disease patients: implications in aetiology and therapy. Review.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2007 Sep-Oct;11(5):408-17. – IF: 1.068

Babiloni C, Bosco P, Ghidoni R, Del Percio C, Squitti R, Binetti G, Benussi L, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Lanuzza B, Cassetta E, Anello G, Gurzì M, Bartesaghi S, Lizio R, Tombini M Rossini PM.
Homocysteine And EEG Rhythms In Alzheimer Disease: A Multicentric Study.
Neuroscience. 2007 Mar 30;145(3):942-54. Epub 2007 Feb 22. – IF: 3.352

Ventriglia M, Scassellati C, Bonvicini C, Squitti R, Bevacqua MG, Foresti G, Tura GB, Gennarelli M.
No association between Ala9Val functional polymorphism of MnSOD gene and Schizophrenia in a representative Italian sample
Neurosci Lett. 2006 Dec 27;410(3):208-11. – IF: 2.092

Squitti R, Barbati G, Rossi L, Ventriglia M, Dal Forno G, Cesaretti S, Moffa F, Caridi I, Cassetta E, Pasqualetti P, Calabrese L, Lupoi D, Rossini PM.
Excess of Non Ceruloplasmin Serum Copper in AD Correlates With MMSE, CSF b-amyloid and H-Tau.
Neurology. 2006 Jul 11;67(1):76-82. – IF: 5.69

Babiloni C, Benussi L, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri F, Frisoni G, Ghidoni R, Miniussi C, Rodriguez G, Romani G, Squitti R, Ventriglia M, Rossini PM.
Apolipoprotein E And Alpha Brain Rhythms In Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Multicentric Eeg Study.
Ann Neurol 2006 Feb;59(2):323-34. – IF: 8.051

Babiloni C, Benussi L, Binetti G, Bosco P, Busonero G, Cesaretti S, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Ghidoni R, Rodriguez G, Squitti R, Rossini PM.
Genotype (Cystatin C) And Eeg Phenotype In Alzheimer Disease And Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Multicentric Study.
Neuroimage 2006;29:948-64. – IF: 5.559

Giacomello M, Barbiero L, Zatti G, Squitti R, Binetti G, Pozzan T, Fasolato C, Ghidoni R, Pizzo P.
Reduction of Ca2+ stores and Capacitative Ca2+ Entry is associated with the Familial Alzheimer’s Disease presenilin-2 T122R mutation and anticipates the onset of dementia.
Neurobiol Dis 2005 Apr;18(3):638-48. – IF: 4.048

Ventriglia M, Bocchio Chiavetto L, Scassellati C, Squitti R, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Rossini PM, Gennarelli M.
Lack of association between MnSOD gene polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease.
Aging Clin Exp Res 2005 Dec;17(6):445-8. – IF: 1.068

Squitti R, Pasqualetti P, Dal Forno G, Moffa F, Cassetta E, Lupoi D, Vernieri F, Rossi L, Baldassini M, Rossini PM.
Excess of serum copper not related to ceruloplasmin in Alzheimer disease.
Neurology 2005 Mar 22;64(6):1040-6. – IF:4.947

Seripa D, Matera MG, Dal Forno G, Gravina C, Masullo C, Daniele A, Binetti G, Bonvicini C,Squitti R, Palermo MT, Davish DG, Antuono P, Wekstein DR, Dobrina A, Gennarelli M,. Fazio VM.
Genotypes and haplotypes in the IL-1 gene cluster: analysis of two genetically and diagnostically distinct groups of Alzheimer patients.
Neurobiol Aging. 2005 Apr;26(4):455-64. – IF: 5.312

Squitti R, Cassetta E, Dal Forno G, et al.
Copper perturbation in 2 monozygotic twins Discordant for degree of cognitive impairment.
Arch Neurol 2004;61:738-43. – IF: 4.835

Scassellati C, Zanardini R, Squitti R, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Bonvicini C, Binetti G, Zanetti O, Cassetta E, Gennarelli M.
Promoter haplotypes of interleukin-10 gene and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurosci Lett 2004;356:119-22. – IF: 2.019

Binetti G, Signorini S, Squitti R, Alberici A, Benussi L, Cassetta E, Frisoni GB, Barbiero L, Feudatari E, Nicosia F, Testa C, Zanetti O, Gennarelli M, Perani D, Anchisi D, Ghidoni R, Rossini PM.
Atypical dementia associated with a novel presenilin-2 mutation.
Ann Neurol 2003;54:832-6. – IF: 7.717

Squitti R, Pasqualetti P, Cassetta E, Dal Forno G, Cesaretti S, Pedace F, Finazzi-Agro’A, Rossini PM.
Elevation of serum copper levels discriminate Alzheimer’s disease from vascular dementia.
Neurology 2003;60:2013-2014. – IF: 5.678

Squitti R, Lupoi D, Pasqualetti P, Dal Forno G, Vernieri F, Chiovenda P, Rossi L, Cortesi M, Cassetta E, Rossini PM.
Elevation of serum copper levels in Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurology 2002; 59:1153-1161. – IF: 5.340

Rossi L, Squitti R, Pasqualetti P, Marchese E, Cassetta E, Forastiere E, Rotilio R, Rossini PM, Finazzi-Agro’A.
Red blood cell Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase activity is higher in Alzheimer’s disease and is decreased by D-penicillamine.
Neurosci Lett 2002;329:137. – IF: 2.100

Squitti R, Rossini PM, Cassetta E, et al.
D-penicillamine reduces serum oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease patients.
Eur J Clin Invest 2002;32:51-59. – IF: 2.193

Squitti R, De Stefano ME, Edgar DH, Toschi G.
Effect of axotomy on the expression and ultrastructural localization of N-cadherin and NCAM in the quail ciliary ganglion: an in vivo model of neuroplasticity.
Neuroscience 1999; 91:707-22. – IF:3.924

De Stefano ME, Squitti R, Toschi G.
The rise in cytoplasmic ubiquitin levels is an early step in the response of parasympathetic ganglionic neurons to axonal injury followed by regeneration.
J Neuropathol Experiment Neurol 1998; 57: 1000-1012. – IF: 5.366

Giorgi M, Squitti R, Bonsi P, Paggi P, Toschi G.
Activities of 3′:5′ cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in the superior cervical ganglion of rat: compartmentalization and observations in young and old animals.
Neurochem Int 1994; 25:493-500. – IF: 1.434

Book Chapters

Squitti R, Siotto M, Salustri C, Salustri C.
Metal Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease in Oxidative Stress in Alzheimr’s disease in Studies in Alzheimer’s disease
2013, XI, 236 p. 34 n edited by Patrizia Mecocci and Domenico Praticò, Springer

Rosanna Squitti and Carlo Salustri
”Metals Involvement in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis”
Source: Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis-Core Concepts, Shifting Paradigms and Therapeutic Targets ISBN 978-953-307-690-4 Edited by: Suzanne De La Monte. Publisher: InTech, September 2011

Squitti R, Dal Forno G, Ventriglia M, Rossini PM.
Copper studies in Alzheimer’s disease.
Res Adv in Neurology 2005; 2:1-7.

Squitti R, Rossini PM.
Serum copper in Alzheimer in Research and Practice in Alzheimer’s Disease
edited by Bruno Vellas, vol. 12. Paris, Serdi Publishers, 2007

Squitti R, Dal Forno G, Cesaretti S, Ventriglia M, Rossini PM.
Copper studies in Alzheimer’s disease.
In Alzheimer’s Disease Research Journal 2007; 1:95-113.

Letters

Squitti R, Pasqualetti P, Siotto M, Polimanti R, Ventriglia M, Colabufo N.
Response to Article: Rembach A, et al, J Alzheimers Dis, doi: 10.3233/JAD-121474
(information available at http://www.j-alz.com/letterseditor/index.html#March2013) – IF: 4.261

Brenner S.
Elevation of serum copper levels in Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurology 2003 13;60:1559; author reply 1559. – IF: 5.678

Brenner S.
Excess of serum copper not related to ceruloplasmin in Alzheimer disease.
Neurology 2006 Jan 24;66(2):294-5; author reply 294-5. – IF: 5.69